Non-equilibrium effects on charge and energy partitioning after an interaction quench

TL;DR

This paper investigates how an interaction quench affects charge and energy fractionalization in one-dimensional fermion systems, revealing that charge partitioning remains unchanged while energy partitioning can exceed unity due to non-equilibrium effects.

Contribution

It demonstrates that charge fractionalization is unaffected by an interaction quench, whereas energy partitioning can be significantly altered, exceeding the equilibrium bounds.

Findings

Charge fractionalization ratio remains unaffected by the quench.

Energy partitioning ratio can exceed one after the quench.

Non-equilibrium spectral function causes the altered energy partitioning.

Abstract

Charge and energy fractionalization are among the most intriguing features of interacting onedimensional fermion systems. In this work we determine how these phenomena are modified in the presence of an interaction quench. Charge and energy are injected into the system suddenly after the quench, by means of tunneling processes with a non-interacting one-dimensional probe. Here, we demonstrate that the system settles to a steady state in which the charge fractionalization ratio is unaffected by the pre-quenched parameters. On the contrary, due to the post-quench nonequilibrium spectral function, the energy partitioning ratio is strongly modified, reaching values larger than one. This is a peculiar feature of the non-equilibrium dynamics of the quench process and it is in sharp contrast with the non-quenched case, where the ratio is bounded by one.