Comparing Production Cross Sections for QCD Matter, Higgs Boson, Neutrino with Dark Energy in Accelerating Universe

TL;DR

This paper calculates and compares the production cross sections of QCD matter, neutrinos, dark energy, and Higgs bosons in an accelerating universe, highlighting the effects of acceleration and event horizon on particle production.

Contribution

It introduces a novel calculation of particle and dark energy cross sections in an accelerating universe considering event horizon effects and Unruh radiation.

Findings

Cross sections increase with universe acceleration due to higher Unruh temperature.

Higgs boson production channels vary with acceleration, with dominant Unruh effect at high acceleration.

Dark energy cross section is dominated by QCD matter, Higgs boson, and neutrino, consistent with previous predictions.

Abstract

In this research, the production cross sections for QCD matter, neutrino and dark energy due to acceleration of Universe is calculated. To obtain these cross sections, the Universe production cross section is multiplied by the particle or dark energy distribution in accelerating Universe. Also missing cross section for each matter and dark energy due to formation of event horizon, is calculated. It is clear that the cross section of particles produced near event horizon of Universe is much larger for higher acceleration of Universe. This is because as the acceleration of Universe becomes larger, the Unruh temperature becomes larger and the thermal radiations of particles are enhanced. There are different channels for producing Higgs boson in accelerating Universe. Universe maybe decay to quark and gluons, and then these particles interact with each other and Higgs boson is produced. Also, some Higgs boson are emitted directly from event horizon of Universe. Comparing Higgs boson cross sections via different channels, it is observed that at lower acceleration, a_Universe<2.5 a_(early Universe), the Universe will not be able to emit Higgs, but is still able to produce a quark and eventually for a_Universe<1.5 a_(early Universe) the Universe can only emit massless gluons. As the acceleration of Universe at the LHC increases, a_Universe>2.5 a_(early Universe), most of Higgs boson production will be due to Unruh effect near event horizon of Universe. Finally comparing the production cross section for dark energy with particle cross sections, it is found that the cross section for dark energy is dominated by QCD matter, Higgs boson and neutrino. This result is consistent with previous predictions for dark energy cross section.