Counter-diabatic vortex pump in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a counter-diabatic vortex pump in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates that achieves high angular momentum through rapid, high-fidelity phase imprinting, surpassing previous methods and enabling new experimental possibilities.

Contribution

It introduces a counter-diabatic control technique for vortex pumping in spinor BECs, significantly improving efficiency and angular momentum compared to traditional adiabatic methods.

Findings

Sequential phase imprinting up to 20 cycles creates large-winding-number vortices.

Counter-diabatic control enhances pump fidelity and speed.

Achieves highest reported angular momentum per particle in vortex pumping.

Abstract

Topological phase imprinting is a well-established technique for deterministic vortex creation in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of alkali metal atoms. It was recently shown that counter-diabatic quantum control may accelerate vortex creation in comparison to the standard adiabatic protocol and suppress the atom loss due to nonadiabatic transitions. Here we apply this technique, assisted by an optical plug, for vortex pumping to theoretically show that sequential phase imprinting up to 20 cycles generates a vortex with a very large winding number. Our method significantly increases the fidelity of the pump for rapid pumping compared to the case without the counter-diabatic control, leading to the highest angular momentum per particle reported to date for the vortex pump. Our studies are based on numerical integration of the three-dimensional multi-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation which conveniently yields the density profiles, phase profiles, angular momentum, and other physically important quantities of the spin-1 system. Our results motivate the experimental realization of the vortex pump and studies of the rich physics it involves.