Doppler speeds of the hydrogen Lyman lines in solar flares from EVE

TL;DR

This study analyzes Doppler shifts in hydrogen Lyman lines during solar flares using EVE spectral data, revealing plasma flows of up to 30 km/s and linking these flows to flare-associated phenomena.

Contribution

It provides a systematic analysis of Lyman line Doppler shifts during flares using three independent methods, offering new insights into chromospheric plasma dynamics.

Findings

Detected upflows and downflows of ~10-30 km/s in Lyman lines during flares.

Linked upflows to eruptions or coronal flows, and downflows to loop contraction or chromospheric condensation.

Used three independent spectral analysis methods to ensure robust results.

Abstract

The hydrogen Lyman lines provide important diagnostic information about the dynamics of the chromosphere, but there have been few systematic studies of their variability during flares. We investigate Doppler shifts in these lines in several flares, and use these to calculate plasma speeds. We use spectral data from the Multiple EUV Grating Spectrograph B (MEGS-B) detector of the Extreme-Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory. MEGS-B obtains full-disk spectra of the Sun at a resolution of 0.1nm in the range 37-105 nm, which we analyse using three independent methods. The first method performs Gaussian fits to the lines, and compares the quiet-Sun centroids with the flaring ones to obtain the Doppler shifts. The second method uses cross-correlation to detect wavelength shifts between the quiet-Sun and flaring line profiles. The final method calculates the "center-of-mass" of the line profile, and compares the quiet-Sun and flaring centroids to obtain the shift. In a study of 6 flares we find strong signatures of both upflow and downflow in the Lyman lines, with speeds measured in Sun-as-a-Star data of around 10 km/s, and speeds in the flare excess signal of around 30 km/s All events showing upflows in Lyman lines are associated with some kind of eruption or coronal flow in imaging data, which may be responsible for the net blueshifts. Events showing downflows in the Lyman lines may be associated with loop contraction or faint downflows, but it is likely that chromospheric condensation flows are also contributing.