XMMSL1 J074008.2-853927: a tidal disruption event with thermal and non-thermal components

TL;DR

This paper reports on a detailed multi-wavelength study of a tidal disruption event in a galaxy, showing both thermal and non-thermal emission components, with implications for understanding TDE evolution.

Contribution

It presents the first clear example of a TDE exhibiting both thermal and non-thermal radiation components with detailed spectral and variability analysis.

Findings

X-ray emission peaked at ~2E44 erg/s

Detected radio emission 21 months post-discovery

X-ray variability confined within <73 Rg of black hole

Abstract

We study X-ray bright tidal disruption events (TDE), close to the peak of their emission, with the intention of understanding the evolution of their light curves and spectra. Candidate TDE are identified by searching for soft X-ray flares from non-active galaxies in recent XMM-Newton slew data. In April 2014, X-ray emission was detected from the galaxy XMMSL1 J074008.2-853927 (a.k.a. 2MASX 07400785-8539307), a factor 20 times higher than an upper limit from 20 years earlier. Both the X-ray and UV flux subsequently fell, by factors of 70 and 12 respectively. The bolometric luminosity peaked at Lbol~2E44 ergs/s with a spectrum that may be modelled with thermal emission in the UV band, a power-law with slope~2 dominating in the X-ray band above 2 keV and a soft X-ray excess with an effective temperature of ~86 eV. Rapid variability locates the X-ray emission to within <73 Rg of the nuclear black hole. Radio emission of flux density ~1 mJy, peaking at 1.5 GHz was detected 21 months after discovery. Optical spectra indicate that the galaxy, at a distance of 73 Mpc (z=0.0173), underwent a starburst 2 Gyr ago and is now quiescent. We consider a tidal disruption event to be the most likely cause of the flare. If this proves to be correct then this is a very clean example of a disruption exhibiting both thermal and non-thermal radiation.