Figures of merit for quantum transducers

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simple theoretical framework to evaluate quantum transducers' performance, focusing on signal transfer efficiency and added noise, crucial for quantum communication and information processing.

Contribution

It proposes a straightforward method to characterize quantum transducers using two key parameters, applicable across classical and quantum signal scenarios.

Findings

Performance characterized by signal transfer efficiency and added noise.

Framework applicable to classical detection and quantum information transfer.

Provides a basis for comparing different quantum transducer designs.

Abstract

Recent technical advances have sparked renewed interest in physical systems that couple simultaneously to different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus enabling transduction of signals between vastly different frequencies at the level of single photons. Such hybrid systems have demonstrated frequency conversion of classical signals and have the potential of enabling quantum state transfer, e.g., between superconducting circuits and traveling optical signals. This article describes a simple approach for the theoretical characterization of the performance of quantum transducers. Given that, in practice, one cannot attain ideal one-to-one quantum conversion, we explore how well the transducer performs in scenarios ranging from classical signal detection to applications for quantum information processing. While the performance of the transducer depends on the particular application in which it enters, we show that the performance can be characterized by defining two simple parameters: the signal transfer efficiency $\eta$ and the added noise $N$.