Observations and 3D Hydrodynamical models of planetary nebulae with Wolf Rayet type central stars

TL;DR

This study combines high-resolution spectroscopy and 3D hydrodynamical modeling to analyze planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet type central stars, revealing that their spectral features can be explained by jets interacting with dense tori, suggesting a new classification.

Contribution

The paper introduces a 3D hydrodynamical model of planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet central stars, demonstrating that jets within dense tori can explain observed spectral features and proposing a new spectroscopic classification.

Findings

Spectral features explained by jets inside dense tori

Both nebulae modeled with the same physical framework

Proposal of a new spectroscopic classification

Abstract

We present high-resolution, long-slit spectroscopic observations of two planetary nebulae with [WC] central stars located near the galactic bulge, M 1-32 and M 3-15. The observations were obtained with the 2.1-m telescope at the Observatorio Astron\'omico Nacional, San Pedro M\'artir. M 1-32 shows wide wings on the base of its emission lines and M 3-15 has two very faint high-velocity knots. In order to model both PNe we built a three-dimensional model consisting of a jet interacting with an equatorially concentrated slow wind, emulating the presence of a dense torus, using the Yguaz\'u hydrodynamical code. From our hydrodynamical models, we obtained position-velocity (PV) diagrams in the [N II]$\lambda$6583 line for comparison with the observations. We find that the spectral characteristics of M 1-32 and M 3-15 can be explained with the same physical model -a jet moving inside an AGB wind- using different parameters (physical conditions and position angles of the jet). In agreement with our model and observations, these objects contain a dense torus seeing pole-on and a bipolar jet escaping thorough the poles. Then we propose to classify this kind of objects as spectroscopic bipolar nebulae, although they have been classified morphologically as compact, round, or elliptical nebulae or with "close collimated lobes".