Quantum dilute droplets of dipolar bosons at finite temperature

TL;DR

This paper explores how finite temperature affects dipolar Bose gases, revealing new thermal effects on the equation of state and the stability of quantum droplets, including their formation, structure, and particle content.

Contribution

It extends the Lee-Huang-Yang equation of state to finite temperature and analyzes thermal effects on droplet stability in dipolar Bose gases.

Findings

Thermal fluctuations modify the equation of state with three-body interactions.

Droplet phase appears as a narrow peak with a thermal halo at finite temperature.

Particle number in droplets decreases as temperature increases.

Abstract

We systematically study the properties of dipolar Bose gases with two- and three-body contact interactions at finite temperature using the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov-Popov approximation. In uniform case, we obtain an exciting new extension of the seminal Lee-Huang-Yang corrected equation of state that depends explicitly on the thermal fluctuations and on the coupling constant of the three-body interaction. We investigate, on the other hand, the effects of thermal fluctuations on the occurrence and stability of a droplet state in a Bose-Einstein condensate with strong dipole-dipole interactions. We find that at finite temperature, the droplet phase appears as a narrow peak surrounded by a broader thermal halo. We show that the number of particles inside the droplet decays with increasing temperature.