SDSSJ143244.91+301435.3 at VLBI: a compact radio galaxy in a narrow-line Seyfert 1

TL;DR

This study uses VLBI observations to reveal the compact, non-thermal radio structure of a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy, supporting its classification as a young, possibly parent, radio galaxy with a relativistic jet not aligned with our line of sight.

Contribution

First VLBI imaging of SDSSJ143244.91+301435.3, providing detailed morphology and supporting its classification as a young, compact radio galaxy related to RLNLS1s.

Findings

The source shows a compact, steep-spectrum morphology with extended structures.

The brightness temperature indicates non-thermal emission from a relativistic jet.

The source's size and spectral features suggest it is a young radio galaxy, not a blazar.

Abstract

We present VLBI observations, carried out with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (EVN), of SDSSJ143244.91+301435.3, a radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (RLNLS1) characterized by a steep radio spectrum. The source, compact at Very Large Array (VLA) resolution, is resolved on the milliarcsec scale, showing a central region plus two extended structures. The relatively high brightness temperature of all components (5x10^6-1.3x10^8 K) supports the hypothesis that the radio emission is non-thermal and likely produced by a relativistic jet and/or small radio lobes. The observed radio morphology, the lack of a significant core and the presence of a low frequency (230 MHz) spectral turnover are reminiscent of the Compact Steep Spectrum sources (CSS). However, the linear size of the source (~0.5kpc) measured from the EVN map is lower than the value predicted using the turnover/size relation valid for CSS sources (~6kpc). This discrepancy can be explained by an additional component not detected in our observations, accounting for about a quarter of the total source flux density, combined to projection effects. The low core-dominance of the source (CD<0.29) confirms that SDSSJ143244.91+301435.3 is not a blazar, i.e. the relativistic jet is not pointing towards the observer. This supports the idea that SDSSJ143244.91+301435.3 may belong to the "parent population" of flat-spectrum RLNLS1 and favours the hypothesis of a direct link between RLNLS1 and compact, possibly young, radio galaxies.