Operations on Arc Diagrams and Degenerations for Invariant Subspaces of Linear Operators. Part II

TL;DR

This paper studies the structure of invariant subspace spaces of nilpotent operators using arc diagrams, computing stratification dimensions and boundary relations through specific arc moves, including a new 'explosion' move.

Contribution

It introduces a new arc move called 'explosion' to describe boundary relations in stratifications of invariant subspace spaces, extending previous arc move frameworks.

Findings

Computed dimensions of stratification subsets.

Characterized boundary relations via arc moves.

Introduced 'explosion' move for more comprehensive boundary description.

Abstract

For a partition $\beta$, denote by $N_\beta$ the nilpotent linear operator of Jordan type $\beta$. Given partitions $\beta$, $\gamma$, we investigate the representation space ${}_2{\mathbb V}_{\gamma}^\beta$ of all short exact sequences $$ \mathcal E: 0\to N_\alpha \to N_\beta \to N_\gamma \to 0$$ where $\alpha$ is any partition with each part at most 2. Due to the condition on $\alpha$, the isomorphism type of a sequence $\mathcal E$ is given by an arc diagram $\Delta$; denote by ${\mathbb V}_\Delta$ the subset of ${}_2{\mathbb V}_{\gamma}^\beta$ of all sequences isomorphic to $\mathcal E$. Thus, the space ${}_2{\mathbb V}_{\gamma}^\beta$ carries a stratification given by the subsets of type ${\mathbb V}_\Delta$. We compute the dimension of each stratum and show that the boundary of a stratum ${\mathbb V}_\Delta$ consists exactly of those ${\mathbb V}_{\Delta'}$ where $\Delta'$ is obtained from $\Delta$ by a non-empty sequence of arc moves of five possible types {\bf (A) -- (E)}. The case where all three partitions are fixed has been studied in [3] and [4]. There, arc moves of types {\bf (A) -- (D)} suffice to describe the boundary of a ${\mathbb V}_\Delta$ in ${\mathbb V}_{\alpha,\gamma}^\beta$. Our fifth move {\bf (E)}, "explosion", is needed to break up an arc into two poles to allow for changes in the partition $\alpha$.