One- and two-dimensional solitons in PT-symmetric systems emulating the spin-orbit coupling

TL;DR

This paper explores 1D and 2D solitons in a PT-symmetric optical system with spin-orbit coupling, revealing stability regions and analytical solutions, advancing understanding of nonlinear wave dynamics in complex media.

Contribution

It introduces a novel 2D PT-symmetric system with SOC effects, analyzes soliton stability, and derives exact solutions in certain limits, bridging PT symmetry and spin-orbit physics.

Findings

Stability regions for 1D and 2D solitons are identified.

SOC effects initially shrink then expand PT-symmetric soliton stability areas.

Exact analytical solutions for gap solitons are obtained in the strong SOC limit.

Abstract

We introduce a two-dimensional (2D) system, which can be implemented in dual-core planar optical couplers with the Kerr nonlinearity in its cores, making it possible to blend effects of the PT symmetry, represented by the balanced linear gain and loss in the two cores, and spin-orbit coupling (SOC), emulated by a spatially biased coupling between the cores. Families of 1D and 2D solitons and their stability boundaries are identified. In the 1D setting, the addition of the SOC terms leads, at first, to shrinkage of the stability area for PT-symmetric solitons, which is followed by its rapid expansion. 2D solitons have their stability region too, in spite of the simultaneous action of two major destabilizing factors, viz., the collapse driven by the Kerr nonlinearity, and a trend towards spontaneous breakup of the gain-loss balance. In the limit of the SOC terms dominating over the intrinsic diffraction, the 1D system gives rise to a new model for gap solitons, which admits exact analytical solutions.