The Directions of Selection Bias
Zhichao Jiang, Peng Ding

TL;DR
This paper demonstrates that under certain conditions, the observed odds ratio in a selected population provides a lower bound for the true odds ratio, highlighting implications for bias in epidemiological studies.
Contribution
It establishes a theoretical relationship between selection bias and the observed versus true odds ratios when exposure and outcome influence selection similarly.
Findings
Observed odds ratio is a lower bound under specified conditions
Selection bias affects the interpretation of epidemiological measures
Conditions involve same direction effects and non-positive interaction
Abstract
We show that if the exposure and the outcome affect the selection indicator in the same direction and have non-positive interaction on the risk difference, risk ratio or odds ratio scale, the exposure-outcome odds ratio in the selected population is a lower bound for true odds ratio.
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Taxonomy
TopicsAdvanced Causal Inference Techniques · Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference · Statistical Methods and Inference
