Classification of asexual diploid organisms by means of strongly isotopic evolution algebras defined over any field

TL;DR

This paper uses computational algebraic geometry to classify asexual diploid organisms through isotopism classes of evolution algebras, revealing four universal classes across all fields.

Contribution

It introduces a novel algebraic geometric approach to classify asexual diploid organisms and characterizes their isotopism and isomorphism classes in two dimensions.

Findings

Four isotopism classes exist regardless of the base field.

The paper characterizes the isomorphism classes within these isotopism classes.

The approach applies universally across different fields.

Abstract

Evolution algebras were introduced into Genetics to deal with the mechanism of inheritance of asexual organisms. Their distribution into isotopism classes is uniquely related with the mutation of alleles in non-Mendelian Genetics. This paper deals with such a distribution by means of Computational Algebraic Geometry. We focus in particular on the two-dimensional case, which is related to the asexual reproduction processes of diploid organisms. Specifically, we determine the existence of four isotopism classes, whatever the base field is, and we characterize the corresponding isomorphism classes.