TL;DR
This paper explores the structure of neutron stars within a modified QCD framework using G2 gauge group, providing insights into phase changes and radius stability that could inform real QCD studies.
Contribution
It introduces a lattice simulation approach for neutron star properties in G2-QCD, offering qualitative insights into dense QCD matter.
Findings
Phase changes affect the mass-radius relation.
The radius of the most massive neutron stars varies little.
Results suggest simplified radius measurements could be possible in QCD.
Abstract
The determination of the properties of neutron stars from the underlying theory, QCD, is still an unsolved problem. This is mainly due to the difficulty to obtain reliable results for the equation of state for cold, dense QCD. As an alternative route to obtain qualitative insights, we determine the structure of a neutron star for a modified version of QCD: By replacing the gauge group SU(3) with the exceptional Lie group G2, it is possible to perform lattice simulations at finite density, while still retaining neutrons. Here, results of these lattice simulations are used to determine the mass-radius relation of a neutron star for this theory. The results show that phase changes express themselves in this relation. Also, the radius of the most massive neutron stars is found to vary very little, which would make radius determinations much simpler if this would also be true in QCD.
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