ASTErIsM - Application of topometric clustering algorithms in automatic galaxy detection and classification

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel pipeline combining topometric clustering algorithms with feature extraction for automatic galaxy detection and classification, achieving high accuracy in distinguishing elliptical from spiral galaxies.

Contribution

The study presents a new method integrating DBSCAN and DENCLUE algorithms with geometrical invariant moments for galaxy classification, demonstrating improved accuracy over existing methods.

Findings

Achieved approximately 93% classification accuracy.

Features based on local maxima patterns are highly discriminative.

Pipeline effectively separates overlapping galaxy sources.

Abstract

We present a study on galaxy detection and shape classification using topometric clustering algorithms. We first use the DBSCAN algorithm to extract, from CCD frames, groups of adjacent pixels with significant fluxes and we then apply the DENCLUE algorithm to separate the contributions of overlapping sources. The DENCLUE separation is based on the localization of pattern of local maxima, through an iterative algorithm which associates each pixel to the closest local maximum. Our main classification goal is to take apart elliptical from spiral galaxies. We introduce new sets of features derived from the computation of geometrical invariant moments of the pixel group shape and from the statistics of the spatial distribution of the DENCLUE local maxima patterns. Ellipticals are characterized by a single group of local maxima, related to the galaxy core, while spiral galaxies have additional ones related to segments of spiral arms. We use two different supervised ensemble classification algorithms, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting. Using a sample of ~ 24000 galaxies taken from the Galaxy Zoo 2 main sample with spectroscopic redshifts, and we test our classification against the Galaxy Zoo 2 catalog. We find that features extracted from our pipeline give on average an accuracy of ~ 93%, when testing on a test set with a size of 20% of our full data set, with features deriving from the angular distribution of density attractor ranking at the top of the discrimination power.