Asymptotic Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper develops a model of gravitational collapse that results in a black-hole-like object without an event horizon, incorporating back-reaction of pre-Hawking radiation and allowing arbitrary matter distribution.

Contribution

It introduces a new metric for collapsing matter that accounts for back-reaction and shows collapse asymptotes to horizonless black-hole-like objects.

Findings

Collapse leads to horizonless black-hole-like objects.

Back-reaction of pre-Hawking radiation is crucial in the model.

Universal collapse configuration without horizon.

Abstract

Following earlier works on the KMY model of black-hole formation and evaporation, we construct the metric for a matter sphere in gravitational collapse, with the back-reaction of pre-Hawking radiation taken into consideration. The mass distribution and collapsing velocity of the matter sphere are allowed to have an arbitrary radial dependence. We find that a generic gravitational collapse asymptote to a universal configuration which resembles a black hole but without horizon. This approach clarifies several misunderstandings about black-hole formation and evaporation, and provides a new model for black-hole-like objects in the universe.