The Extremes in Intra-Night Blazar Variability: The S4 0954+65 Case

TL;DR

This paper reports on intra-night optical observations of the highly variable blazar S4 0954+65, revealing rapid flux changes, time delays between bands, and color variations, providing insights into blazar variability mechanisms.

Contribution

It presents detailed intra-night optical variability analysis of S4 0954+65, highlighting rapid flux changes and inter-band delays, advancing understanding of blazar variability.

Findings

Flux changes up to 100% within hours

Detection of time delays between optical bands

Observation of color changes and rms-flux relations

Abstract

We present results of optical observations of the extremely violently variable blazar S4 0954+65 on intra-night time scales. The object showed flux changes of up to 100% within a few hours. Time delays between optical bands, color changes and "rms-flux" relations are investigated and the results are discussed in terms of existing models of blazar variability.