On asymptotic dynamics for $L^2$ critical generalized KdV equations with a saturated perturbation

TL;DR

This paper classifies the long-term behavior of solutions to a saturated perturbation of the $L^2$ critical gKdV equation, revealing three possible dynamics near solitons, including a novel blow-down scenario.

Contribution

It extends the classification of soliton dynamics to a saturated gKdV equation, introducing the first analysis of blow-down behavior in this context.

Findings

Solutions are globally bounded in $H^1$ for all initial data.

Three distinct asymptotic behaviors near solitons are identified.

The blow-down behavior is a new phenomenon not seen in unperturbed equations.

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the $L^2$ critical gKdV equation with a saturated perturbation: $\partial_t u+(u_{xx}+u^5-\gamma u|u|^{q-1})_x=0$, where $q>5$ and $0<\gamma\ll1$. For any initial data $u_0\in H^1$, the corresponding solution is always global and bounded in $H^1$. This equation has a family of solitons, and our goal is to classify the dynamics near soliton. Together with a suitable decay assumption, there are only three possibilities: (i) the solution converges asymptotically to a solitary wave, whose $H^1$ norm is of size $\gamma^{-2/(q-1)}$, as $\gamma\rightarrow0$; (ii) the solution is always in a small neighborhood of the modulated family of solitary waves, but blows down at $+\infty$; (iii) the solution leaves any small neighborhood of the modulated family of the solitary waves. This extends the classification of the rigidity dynamics near the ground state for the unperturbed $L^2$ critical gKdV (corresponding to $\gamma=0$) by Martel, Merle and Rapha\"el. However, the blow-down behavior (ii) is completely new, and the dynamics of the saturated equation cannot be viewed as a perturbation of the $L^2$ critical dynamics of the unperturbed equation. This is the first example of classification of the dynamics near ground state for a saturated equation in this context. The cases of $L^2$ critical NLS and $L^2$ supercritical gKdV, where similar classification results are expected, are completely open.