Passivity Analysis of Higher Order Evolutionary Dynamics and Population Games

TL;DR

This paper investigates the passivity properties of higher order evolutionary dynamics in population games, establishing that non-passive dynamics can lead to instability in generalized stable games, with implications for stability analysis.

Contribution

It provides necessary conditions for evolutionary dynamics to be stable across all generalized stable games, extending passivity analysis to higher order and dynamic payoff scenarios.

Findings

Non-passive dynamics can cause instability in generalized stable games.

Replicator dynamics are shown to be lossless and passive.

Passivity is necessary for stability in higher order evolutionary dynamics.

Abstract

In population games, a large population of players, modeled as a continuum, is divided into subpopulations, and the fitness or payoff of each subpopulation depends on the overall population composition. Evolutionary dynamics describe how the population composition changes in response to the fitness levels, resulting in a closed-loop feedback system. Recent work established a connection between passivity theory and certain classes of population games, namely so-called "stable games". In particular, it was shown that a combination of stable games and (an analogue of) passive evolutionary dynamics results in stable convergence to Nash equilibrium. This paper considers the converse question of necessary conditions for evolutionary dynamics to exhibit stable behaviors for all generalized stable games. Here, generalization refers to "higher order" games where the population payoffs may be a dynamic function of the population state. Using methods from robust control analysis, we show that if an evolutionary dynamic does not satisfy a passivity property, then it is possible to construct a generalized stable game that results in instability. The results are illustrated on selected evolutionary dynamics with particular attention to replicator dynamics, which are also shown to be lossless, a special class of passive systems.