A Revised Host Galaxy Association for GRB 020819B: A High-Redshift Dusty Starburst, Not a Low-Redshift Gas-Poor Spiral

TL;DR

This study revises the host galaxy association for GRB 020819B, identifying a high-redshift dusty starburst galaxy at z=1.9621 instead of a low-redshift spiral, impacting our understanding of GRB environments.

Contribution

It corrects the previously assumed host galaxy of GRB 020819B, showing it is a high-redshift dusty starburst rather than a low-redshift gas-poor spiral, altering interpretations of GRB host diversity.

Findings

The true host galaxy is at z=1.9621, not z=0.41.

GRBs can form in high-metallicity, dusty, star-forming galaxies.

Molecular gas properties in GRB hosts are not unusual.

Abstract

The purported spiral host galaxy of GRB 020819B at z=0.41 has been seminal in establishing our view of the diversity of long-duration gamma-ray burst environments: optical spectroscopy of this host provided evidence that GRBs can form even at high metallicities, while millimetric observations suggested that GRBs may preferentially form in regions with minimal molecular gas. We report new observations from VLT (MUSE and X-shooter) which demonstrate that the purported host is an unrelated foreground galaxy. The probable radio afterglow is coincident with a compact, highly star-forming, dusty galaxy at z=1.9621. The revised redshift naturally explains the apparent nondetection of CO(3-2) line emission at the afterglow site from ALMA. There is no evidence that molecular gas properties in GRB host galaxies are unusual, and limited evidence that GRBs can form readily at super-Solar metallicity.