Do dark matter halos explain lensing peaks?

TL;DR

This study compares a halo-based model, Camelus, with N-body simulations for weak-lensing peak counts, revealing differences in peak predictions, the importance of covariance modeling, and implications for cosmological parameter estimation.

Contribution

The paper evaluates Camelus against N-body simulations, highlighting its strengths and limitations in predicting weak-lensing peaks for cosmology inference.

Findings

Camelus agrees with N-body for high S/N peaks

Significant differences near S/N=0 and in negative tail

Covariance estimation impacts parameter constraints

Abstract

We have investigated a recently proposed halo-based model, Camelus, for predicting weak-lensing peak counts, and compared its results over a collection of 162 cosmologies with those from N-body simulations. While counts from both models agree for peaks with $\mathcal{S/N}>1$ (where $\mathcal{S/N}$ is the ratio of the peak height to the r.m.s. shape noise), we find $\approx 50\%$ fewer counts for peaks near $\mathcal{S/N}=0$ and significantly higher counts in the negative $\mathcal{S/N}$ tail. Adding shape noise reduces the differences to within $20\%$ for all cosmologies. We also found larger covariances that are more sensitive to cosmological parameters. As a result, credibility regions in the $\{\Omega_m, \sigma_8\}$ are $\approx 30\%$ larger. Even though the credible contours are commensurate, each model draws its predictive power from different types of peaks. Low peaks, especially those with $2<\mathcal{S/N}<3$, convey important cosmological information in N-body data, as shown in \cite{DietrichHartlap, Kratochvil2010}, but \textsc{Camelus} constrains cosmology almost exclusively from high significance peaks $(\mathcal{S/N}>3)$. Our results confirm the importance of using a cosmology-dependent covariance with at least a 14\% improvement in parameter constraints. We identified the covariance estimation as the main driver behind differences in inference, and suggest possible ways to make Camelus even more useful as a highly accurate peak count emulator.