New LUX and PandaX-II Results Illuminating the Simplest Higgs-Portal Dark Matter Models

TL;DR

Recent results from LUX and PandaX-II have significantly constrained simple Higgs-portal dark matter models, excluding low-mass DM candidates and highlighting the importance of isospin violation and Higgs sector details in model viability.

Contribution

This paper provides updated limits on Higgs-portal scalar dark matter models from the latest xenon-based direct detection experiments, analyzing their implications for model parameter spaces and future detection prospects.

Findings

LUX and PandaX-II exclude DM masses from 4 to 450 GeV in the simplest model.

Isospin-violating interactions can recover some parameter space.

LHC constraints exclude DM below ~50 GeV if Higgs is the portal.

Abstract

Direct searches for dark matter (DM) by the LUX and PandaX-II Collaborations employing xenon-based detectors have recently come up with the most stringent limits to date on the spin-independent elastic scattering of DM off nucleons. For Higgs-portal scalar DM models, the new results have precluded any possibility of accommodating low-mass DM as suggested by the DAMA and CDMS II Si experiments utilizing other target materials, even after invoking isospin-violating DM interactions with nucleons. In the simplest model, SM+D, which is the standard model plus a real singlet scalar named darkon acting as the DM candidate, the LUX and PandaX-II limits rule out DM masses roughly from 4 to 450 GeV, except a small range around the resonance point at half of the Higgs mass where the interaction cross-section is near the neutrino-background floor. In the THDM II+D, which is the type-II two-Higgs-doublet model combined with a darkon, the region excluded in the SM+D by the direct searches can be recovered due to suppression of the DM effective interactions with nucleons at some values of the ratios of Higgs couplings to the up and down quarks, making the interactions significantly isospin-violating. However, in either model, if the 125-GeV Higgs boson is the portal between the dark and SM sectors, DM masses less than 50 GeV or so are already ruled out by the LHC constraint on the Higgs invisible decay. In the THDM II+D, if the heavier $CP$-even Higgs boson is the portal, theoretical restrictions from perturbativity, vacuum stability, and unitarity requirements turn out to be important instead and exclude much of the region below 100 GeV. For larger DM masses, the THDM II+D has plentiful parameter space that corresponds to interaction cross-sections under the neutrino-background floor and therefore is likely to be beyond the reach of future direct searches without directional sensitivity.