Puzzles in modern biology. I. Male sterility, failure reveals design
Steven A. Frank

TL;DR
This paper discusses widespread male sterility in humans, plants, and hybrids, suggesting it reveals hidden aspects of biological design and evolutionary processes.
Contribution
It highlights male sterility as a key puzzle that, when studied, uncovers underlying biological design principles.
Findings
Male sterility is common across species.
Failure in reproduction indicates unknown design features.
Studying sterility reveals hidden biological processes.
Abstract
Many human males produce dysfunctional sperm. Various plants frequently abort pollen. Hybrid matings often produce sterile males. Widespread male sterility is puzzling. Natural selection prunes reproductive failure. Puzzling failure implies something that we do not understand about how organisms are designed. Solving the puzzle reveals the hidden processes of design.
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