W production at LHC: lepton angular distributions and reference frames for probing hard QCD

TL;DR

This paper investigates lepton angular distributions from W boson decays at the LHC, demonstrating that all angular coefficients can be measured despite neutrino detection challenges, and proposing frame choices to isolate electroweak effects from QCD influences.

Contribution

It shows that the full set of angular coefficients in W decay distributions can be experimentally measured and introduces a frame selection method to distinguish electroweak effects from QCD effects.

Findings

All angular coefficients are measurable despite neutrino presence.

Proper frame choices simplify the angular distribution analysis.

Electroweak effects can be separated from strong interaction effects.

Abstract

Precision tests of the Standard Model in the Strong and Electroweak sectors play an important role, among the physics goals of LHC experiments. Because of the nature of proton-proton processes, observables based on the measurement of the direction and energy of leptons provide the most precise signatures. In the present paper, we concentrate on the angular distribution of leptons from W to l nu decays in the lepton-pair rest-frame. The vector nature of the intermediate state imposes that distributions are to a good precision described by spherical polynomials of at most second order. We argue, that contrary to general belief often expressed in the literature, the full set of angular coefficients can be measured experimentally, despite the presence in the final state of neutrino escaping detection. There is thus no principle difference with respect to the phenomenology of the Z/gamma to l^+ l^- Drell-Yan process. We show also, that with the proper choice of the coordinate frames, only one coefficient in this polynomial decomposition remains sizable, even in the presence of one or more high p_T jets. The necessary stochastic choice of the frames relies on probabilities independent from any coupling constants. In this way, electroweak effects (dominated by the V-A nature of W couplings to fermions) can be better separated from the ones of strong interactions. The separation is convenient for the measurements interpretation.