On aether terms in a space-time with a compact extra dimension

TL;DR

This paper calculates Lorentz-violating aether-like corrections for electromagnetic fields in a space-time with a compact extra dimension, revealing new terms and particles that dominate at small extra dimensions, impacting quantum corrections.

Contribution

It introduces explicit calculations of aether-like terms in a higher-dimensional setting with a compact extra dimension, extending Lorentz-breaking models.

Findings

New five-dimensional generalizations of aether terms identified.

Dominance of these terms in the small extra dimension limit.

Additional particles emerge in the CPT-even case due to the extra dimension.

Abstract

In this paper, we explicitly calculate the aether-like corrections for the electromagnetic field in the case when the space-time involves an extra compact spatial dimension besides of usual four dimensions. Our methodology is based on an explicit summation over the Kaluza-Klein tower of fields which turns out to be no more difficult than the finite-temperature calculations. We found some new terms which can be treated as certain five-dimensional generalizations of the aether-like terms $\kappa^{mnpq}F_{mn}F_{pq}$ and $\bar{\psi}c^{mn}\gamma_m\partial_n\psi$ which in four dimensions are treated as important ingredients of the Lorentz-breaking extension of the standard model. We have shown that these new terms become to dominate in the limit where the extra dimension is very small, allowing us to suggest that there will be essential modifications of quantum corrections if our space indeed has a small extra spatial dimension. Moreover, we have shown that in the CPT-even case we have extra new particles as a consequence of the extra dimension.