Quantum Coherence as a Resource

TL;DR

This paper reviews the development of quantum coherence as a physical resource, highlighting its fundamental role in various quantum phenomena and its recent theoretical formalization.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the characterization, quantification, manipulation, and operational use of quantum coherence as a resource.

Findings

Quantum coherence is essential for many quantum phenomena.

Recent progress in formalizing quantum coherence as a resource.

Applications in quantum information and biological systems.

Abstract

The coherent superposition of states, in combination with the quantization of observables, represents one of the most fundamental features that mark the departure of quantum mechanics from the classical realm. Quantum coherence in many-body systems embodies the essence of entanglement and is an essential ingredient for a plethora of physical phenomena in quantum optics, quantum information, solid state physics, and nanoscale thermodynamics. In recent years, research on the presence and functional role of quantum coherence in biological systems has also attracted a considerable interest. Despite the fundamental importance of quantum coherence, the development of a rigorous theory of quantum coherence as a physical resource has only been initiated recently. In this Colloquium we discuss and review the development of this rapidly growing research field that encompasses the characterization, quantification, manipulation, dynamical evolution, and operational application of quantum coherence.