Why the entropy of spacetime is independent of species of particles -- the species problem

TL;DR

This paper proposes a solution to the species problem by showing that the black hole atmosphere's mass accounts for the species independence of entropy, aligning with 't Hooft's brick wall model.

Contribution

It introduces a scheme where the black hole atmosphere's mass explains the species independence of entropy, addressing the longstanding species problem.

Findings

Black hole atmosphere mass is 3/8 of the black hole mass.

The scheme aligns with 't Hooft's brick wall model.

Provides a potential resolution to the species problem.

Abstract

The Hawking radiation emits all species of particles, but the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is independent of the number of the species of particles. This is the so-called species problem --- a puzzling problem for a long time. In this paper, we suggest a solution to this problem. A result of the scheme is that the black hole atmosphere has a mass equaling 3/8 mass of a classical Schwarzschild black hole, which agrees with 't Hooft's brick wall model.