Time-series Doppler images and surface differential rotation of the effectively-single rapidly-rotating K-giant KU Pegasi

TL;DR

This study uses time-series Doppler imaging to analyze surface differential rotation on the K-giant KU Pegasi, revealing solar-like rotation with weaker shear than the Sun, and provides refined stellar parameters.

Contribution

First detailed measurement of differential rotation on KU Pegasi using Doppler imaging over multiple years, confirming solar-like rotation in a rapidly-rotating giant star.

Findings

KU Pegasi exhibits solar-like differential rotation with a shear of +0.040.

Surface spots are present at all latitudes, including a persistent warm high-latitude spot.

The star's stellar parameters and Li abundance are refined.

Abstract

According to most stellar dynamo theories, differential rotation (DR) plays a crucial role for the generation of toroidal magnetic fields. Numerical models predict surface differential rotation to be anti-solar for rapidly-rotating giant stars, i.e., their surface angular velocity could increase with stellar latitude. However, surface differential rotation has been derived only for a handful of individual giant stars to date. The spotted surface of the K-giant KU Pegasi is investigated in order to detect its time evolution and quantify surface differential rotation. We present altogether 11 Doppler images from spectroscopic data collected with the robotic telescope STELLA between 2006--2011. All maps are obtained with the surface reconstruction code iMap. Differential rotation is extracted from these images by detecting systematic (latitude-dependent) spot displacements. We apply a cross-correlation technique to find the best differential rotation law. The surface of KU Peg shows cool spots at all latitudes and one persistent warm spot at high latitude. A small cool polar spot exists for most but not all of the epochs. Re-identification of spots in at least two consecutive maps is mostly possible only at mid and high latitudes and thus restricts the differential-rotation determination mainly to these latitudes. Our cross-correlation analysis reveals solar-like differential rotation with a surface shear of $\alpha=+0.040\pm0.006$, i.e., approximately five times weaker than on the Sun. We also derive a more accurate and consistent set of stellar parameters for KU Peg including a small Li abundance of ten times less than solar.