Dynamics of asteroids and near-Earth objects from Gaia Astrometry

TL;DR

Gaia's high-precision astrometry will significantly enhance the understanding of asteroid orbits, masses, and hazard predictions, especially for near-Earth objects, through simulations and the need for coordinated follow-up observations.

Contribution

This paper demonstrates the potential impact of Gaia data on asteroid orbit determination and emphasizes the importance of ground-based follow-up for newly discovered objects.

Findings

Gaia can improve asteroid orbit accuracy and hazard prediction.

Simulation results show significant benefits for NEO analysis.

Highlighting the synergy between space and ground observations.

Abstract

Gaia is an astrometric mission that will be launched in spring 2013. There are many scientific outcomes from this mission and as far as our Solar System is concerned, the satellite will be able to map thousands of main belt asteroids (MBAs) and near-Earth objects (NEOs) down to magnitude < 20. The high precision astrometry (0.3-5 mas of accuracy) will allow orbital improvement, mass determination, and a better accuracy in the prediction and ephemerides of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs). We give in this paper some simulation tests to analyse the impact of Gaia data on known asteroids' orbit, and their value for the analysis of NEOs through the example of asteroid (99942) Apophis. We then present the need for a follow-up network for newly discovered asteroids by Gaia, insisting on the synergy of ground and space data for the orbital improvement.