Optimization of nanocomposite materials for permanent magnets by micromagnetic simulations: effect of the intergrain exchange and the hard grains shape

TL;DR

This study uses micromagnetic simulations to analyze how intergrain exchange and hard grain shape affect the magnetic properties of nanocomposite permanent magnets, revealing counterintuitive optimization strategies.

Contribution

It demonstrates that weakening intergrain exchange can enhance the energy product, and explores the impact of hard grain shape on magnetic properties, providing new insights for material optimization.

Findings

Maximum energy product occurs with weakened intergrain exchange.

Hard grain shape significantly influences hysteresis parameters.

Simulation results suggest new pathways for permanent magnet design.

Abstract

In this paper we perform the detailed numerical analysis of remagnetization processes in nanocomposite magnetic materials consisting of magnetically hard grains (i.e. grains made of a material with a high magnetocrystalline anisotropy) embedded into a magnetically soft phase. Such materials are widely used for the production of permanent magnets, because they combine the high remanence with the large coercivity. We perform simulations of nanocomposites with Sr-ferrite as the hard phase and Fe or Ni as the soft phase, concentrating our efforts on analyzing the effects of ({\it i}) the imperfect intergrain exchange and ({\it ii}) the non-spherical shape of hard grains. We demonstrate that - in contrast to the common belief - the maximal energy product is achieved not for systems with the perfect intergrain exchange, but for materials where this exchange is substantially weakened. We also show that the main parameters of the hysteresis loop - remanence, coercivity and the energy product - exhibit non-trivial dependencies on the shape of hard grains, and provide detailed explanations for our results. Simulation predictions obtained in this work open new ways for the optimization of materials for permanent magnets.