The TeV emission of Ap Librae: a hadronic interpretation and prospects for CTA

TL;DR

This paper proposes a hadronic model to explain Ap Librae's broad TeV gamma-ray emission, predicts correlated variability across wavelengths, and assesses CTA's potential to detect rapid TeV flux changes.

Contribution

It introduces a hadronic emission model for Ap Librae's TeV gamma-ray spectrum and explores CTA's capability to observe associated rapid variability.

Findings

Hadronic interactions can explain the broad high-energy component.

VHE flux variability is predicted on timescales similar to X-ray and HE gamma-ray flares.

CTA can detect hour-scale VHE variability with shorter exposures than current telescopes.

Abstract

Ap Librae is one out of a handful of low-frequency peaked blazars to be detected at TeV $\gamma$-rays and the only one with an identified X-ray jet. Combined observations of Fermi-LAT at high energies (HE) and of H.E.S.S at very high energies (VHE) revealed a striking spectral property of Ap Librae; the presence of a broad high-energy component that extends more than nine orders of magnitude in energy and is, therefore, hard to be explained by the usual single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. We show that the superposition of different emission components related to photohadronic interactions can explain the $\gamma$-ray emission of Ap Librae without invoking external radiation fields. We present two indicative model fits to the spectral energy distribution of Ap Librae where the VHE emission is assumed to originate from a compact, sub-pc scale region of the jet. A robust prediction of our model is VHE flux variability on timescales similar to those observed at X-rays and HE $\gamma$-rays, which can be further used to distinguish between a sub-pc or kpc scale origin of the TeV emission. We thus calculate the expected variability signatures at X-rays, HE and VHE $\gamma$-rays and show that quasi-simultaneous flares are expected, with larger amplitude flares appearing at $\gamma$-rays. We assess the detectability of VHE variability from Ap Librae with CTA, next generation of IACTs. We show that $\sim$hr timescale variability at $E_{\gamma}>0.1$ TeV could be detectable at high significance with shorter exposure times than current Cherenkov telescopes.