Quantum Game Application to Spectrum Scarcity Problems

TL;DR

This paper proposes a quantum game theory-based medium access control model for cognitive radio networks to improve spectrum sharing efficiency and reduce collisions, leveraging quantum entanglement and interference.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum minority game model for spectrum management, enhancing fairness and collision avoidance in cognitive radio networks.

Findings

Quantum entanglement reduces collision probability.

Model improves spectrum utilization efficiency.

Two scenarios address energy efficiency and quality of service.

Abstract

Recent spectrum-sharing research has produced a strategy to address spectrum scarcity problems. This novel idea, named cognitive radio, considers that secondary users can opportunistically exploit spectrum holes left temporarily unused by primary users. This presents a competitive scenario among cognitive users, making it suitable for game theory treatment. In this work, we show that the spectrum-sharing benefits of cognitive radio can be increased by designing a medium access control based on quantum game theory. In this context, we propose a model to manage spectrum fairly and effectively, based on a multiple-users multiple-choice quantum minority game. By taking advantage of quantum entanglement and quantum interference, it is possible to reduce the probability of collision problems commonly associated with classic algorithms. Collision avoidance is an essential property for classic and quantum communications systems. In our model, two different scenarios are considered, to meet the requirements of different user strategies. The first considers sensor networks where the rational use of energy is a cornerstone; the second focuses on installations where the quality of service of the entire network is a priority.