Appropriate probe condition for absorption imaging of ultracold $^6$Li atoms

TL;DR

This paper presents a method to accurately determine optical depth in dense ultracold lithium-6 gases by optimizing probe conditions, enabling high-resolution absorption imaging with good signal-to-noise ratio.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical and experimental framework for selecting probe intensity and duration to improve absorption imaging accuracy for light atoms like lithium-6.

Findings

Achieved optical depth measurement of 2.5 with SNR of 10

Optimized probe conditions considering photon recoil and shot noise

Demonstrated high-resolution imaging at 1.7 μm spatial resolution

Abstract

One of the readily accessible observables in trapped cold-atom experiments is the column density, which is determined from optical depth (OD) obtained from absorption imaging and the absorption cross-section ($\sigma_{\rm abs}$). Here we report on simple and accurate determination of OD for dense gases of light atoms such as lithium-6. We investigate theoretically and experimentally an appropriate condition for the probe intensity and duration to achieve good signal-to-noise ratio by considering the influences of photon recoils and photon shot noises. As a result, we have succeeded in measuring OD which reached 2.5 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 under spatial resolution of 1.7 $\mu$m.