High resolution VLBI polarisation imaging of AGN with the Maximum Entropy Method

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new implementation of the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) for VLBI polarisation imaging of AGN, demonstrating its superior resolution and reliability over the traditional CLEAN algorithm through simulations and real observations.

Contribution

A novel MEM algorithm tailored for VLBI polarisation imaging, showing improved super-resolution capabilities compared to CLEAN in both simulations and actual AGN data.

Findings

MEM outperforms CLEAN in reconstructing polarisation structures at smaller beam sizes.

Simulations confirm MEM's enhanced reliability in super-resolution imaging.

Real VLBA observations of 0716+714 demonstrate MEM's superior image fidelity.

Abstract

Radio polarisation images of the jets of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) can provide a deep insight into the launching and collimation mechanisms of relativistic jets. However, even at VLBI scales, resolution is often a limiting factor in the conclusions that can be drawn from observations. The Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) is a deconvolution algorithm that can outperform the more common CLEAN algorithm in many cases, particularly when investigating structures present on scales comparable to or smaller than the nominal beam size with "super-resolution". A new implementation of the MEM suitable for single- or multiple-wavelength VLBI polarisation observations has been developed and is described here. Monte Carlo simulations comparing the performances of CLEAN and MEM at reconstructing the properties of model images are presented; these demonstrate the enhanced reliability of MEM over CLEAN when images of the fractional polarisation and polarisation angle are constructed using convolving beams that are appreciably smaller than the full CLEAN beam. The results of using this new MEM software to image VLBA observations of the AGN 0716+714 at six different wavelengths are presented, and compared to corresponding maps obtained with CLEAN. MEM and CLEAN maps of Stokes $I$, the polarised flux, the fractional polarisation and the polarisation angle are compared for convolving beams ranging from the full CLEAN beam down to a beam one-third of this size. MEM's ability to provide more trustworthy polarisation imaging than a standard CLEAN-based deconvolution when convolving beams appreciably smaller than the full CLEAN beam are used is discussed.