Velocity segregation effects in galaxy clusters at 0.4<~z<~1.5

TL;DR

This study investigates galaxy velocity and luminosity segregation in clusters from redshift 0.4 to 1.5, revealing VCS at lower redshifts and VLS affecting luminous galaxies, providing insights into galaxy evolution and cluster assembly.

Contribution

First detection of velocity luminosity segregation in non-local clusters and analysis of its evolution with redshift.

Findings

VCS observed in clusters up to z~0.8 with blue galaxies having higher velocity dispersion.

VLS affects only very luminous galaxies, with brighter galaxies having lower velocities.

VLS threshold magnitude shifts to fainter levels at higher redshift.

Abstract

Our study is meant to extend our knowledge of the galaxy color and luminosity segregation in velocity space (VCS and VLS, resp.), to clusters at intermediate and high redshift. Our sample is a collection of 41 clusters in the 0.4<~z<~1.5 redshift range, for a total of 4172 galaxies, 1674 member galaxies within 2R200 with photometric or spectroscopic information, as taken from the literature. We pay attention to perform homogeneous procedures to select cluster members, compute global cluster properties, in particular the LOS velocity dispersion sigmaV, and separate blue from red galaxies. We find evidence of VCS in clusters out to z~0.8 (at the 97%-99.99% c.l., depending on the test), in the sense that the blue galaxy population has a 10-20% larger sigmaV than the red galaxy population. Poor or no VCS is found in the High-z sample at z>=0.8. For the first time, we detect VLS in non-local clusters and confirm that VLS only affects the very luminous galaxies, with brighter galaxies having lower velocities. The threshold magnitude of VLS is ~m3+0.5, where m3 is the magnitude of the third brightest cluster galaxy, and current data suggest that the threshold value moves to fainter magnitudes at higher redshift. We also detect (marginal) evidence of VLS for blue galaxies. We conclude that the segregation effects, when their study is extended to distant clusters, can be important tracers of the galaxy evolution and cluster assembly and discuss the poor/no evidence of VCS at high redshift.