"Ideally" unstable current sheets and the triggering of fast magnetic reconnection

TL;DR

This paper explores the concept of 'ideal' tearing in resistive MHD, proposing a new mechanism for triggering fast magnetic reconnection in collapsing current sheets, with implications for understanding explosive plasma phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces the 'ideal' tearing instability as a new pathway for fast reconnection, extending the concept beyond traditional Sweet-Parker sheets to more general plasma models.

Findings

'Ideal' tearing can trigger fast reconnection in current sheets with smaller aspect ratios.

A quantitative model describes the nonlinear evolution of 'ideal' tearing sheets.

The scenario applies to various plasma models, including those with kinetic effects.

Abstract

Magnetic reconnection is thought to be the dynamical mechanism underlying many explosive phenomena observed both in space and in the laboratory, though the question of how fast magnetic reconnection is triggered in such high Lundquist ($S$) number plasmas has remained elusive. It has been well established that reconnection can develop over timescales faster than those predicted traditionally once kinetic scales are reached. It has also been shown that, within the framework of resistive Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), fast reconnection is achieved for thin enough sheets via the onset of the so-called plasmoid instability. The latter was discovered in studies specifically devoted to the Sweet-Parker current sheet, either as an initial condition or an apparent transient state developing in nonlinear studies. On the other hand, a fast tearing instability can grow on an ideal, i.e., $S$-independent, timescale (dubbed "ideal" tearing) within current sheets whose aspect ratio scales with the macroscopic Lundquist number as $L/a\sim S^{1/3}$ -- much smaller than the Sweet-Parker one -- suggesting a new way to approach to the initiation of fast reconnection in collapsing current configurations. Here we present an overview of what we have called "ideal" tearing in resistive MHD, and discuss how the same reasoning can be extended to other plasma models commonly used that include electron inertia and kinetic effects. We then discuss a scenario for the onset of "ideal" fast reconnection via collapsing current sheets and describe a quantitative model for the interpretation of the nonlinear evolution of "ideally" unstable sheets in two dimensions.