Manifestations of the rotation and gravity of the Earth in high-energy physics experiments

TL;DR

This paper discusses how Earth's rotation and gravity influence high-energy physics experiments by affecting particle motion and spin, highlighting the importance of accounting for these effects in experimental analysis.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of Earth's inertial and gravitational effects on particles and spins, emphasizing their significance in high-energy physics experiments.

Findings

Earth's rotation causes oscillatory perturbations that average out.

Gravity induces forces and torques but no observable electromagnetic effects.

Inhomogeneity effects are small but relevant for specific experiments.

Abstract

The inertial (due to rotation) and gravitational fields of the Earth affect the motion of an elementary particle and its spin dynamics. This influence is not negligible and should be taken into account in high-energy physics experiments. Earth's influence is manifest in perturbations in the particle motion, in an additional precession of the spin, and in a change of the constitutive tensor of the Maxwell electrodynamics. Bigger corrections are oscillatory, and their contributions average to zero. Other corrections due to the inhomogeneity of the inertial field are not oscillatory but they are very small and may be important only for the storage ring electric dipole moment experiments. Earth's gravity causes the Newton-like force, the reaction force provided by a focusing system, and additional torques acting on the spin. However, there are no observable indications of the electromagnetic effects due to Earth's gravity.