Electrically charged matter in permanent rotation around magnetized black hole: A toy model for self-gravitating fluid tori

TL;DR

This paper develops an analytical model for self-gravitating, charged, magnetized fluid tori around black holes, highlighting how self-gravity influences equilibrium conditions and morphology, with potential astrophysical applications.

Contribution

It introduces a self-consistent analytical framework for charged, magnetized, self-gravitating tori around black holes, extending previous models by including self-gravity effects.

Findings

Self-gravity affects torus equilibrium conditions.

Comparison shows differences from non-self-gravitating models.

Framework applicable to stratified fluid configurations.

Abstract

We present an analytical approach for the equilibrium of a self-gravitating charged fluid embedded in a spherical gravitational and dipolar magnetic fields produced by a central mass. Our scheme is proposed, as a toy-model, in the context of gaseous/dusty tori surrounding supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. While the central black hole dominates the gravitational field and it remains electrically neutral, the surrounding material has a non-negligible self-gravitational effect on the torus structure. By charging mechanisms it also acquires non-zero electric charge density, so the two influences need to be taken into account to achieve a self-consistent picture. With our approach we discuss the impact of self-gravity, represented by the term dt (ratio of the torus total mass to the mass of the central body), on the conditions for existence of the equilibrium and the morphology and typology of the tori. By comparison with a previous work without self-gravity, we show that the conditions can be different. Although the main aim of the present paper is to discuss a framework for the classification of electrically charged, magnetized, self-gravitating tori, we also mention potential astrophysical applications to vertically stratified fluid configurations.