Gauge see-saw: A mechanism for a light gauge boson

TL;DR

This paper introduces the gauge see-saw mechanism, a novel approach to naturally generate a light gauge boson through mass matrix diagonalization, addressing the challenge of explaining a gauge boson with a small but nonzero mass.

Contribution

The paper proposes the gauge see-saw mechanism, a new theoretical framework for producing light gauge bosons from mass matrix structures, expanding beyond existing models like the dark photon.

Findings

Mechanism can produce a light gauge boson with small mass

Provides a natural explanation for nonzero gauge boson masses

Applicable to various gauge symmetry models

Abstract

There has been rapidly growing interest in the past decade in a new gauge boson which is considerably lighter than the standard model Z boson. A well-known example of this kind is the so-called dark photon, and it is actively searched for in various experiments nowadays. It would be puzzling to have a new gauge boson which is neither massless nor electroweak scale, but possesses a rather small yet nonzero mass. We present a mechanism that can provide a light gauge boson as a result of a mass matrix diagonalization.