Superadiabatic quantum heat engine with a multiferroic working medium

TL;DR

This paper presents a quantum heat engine using a multiferroic material, employing shortcuts to adiabaticity for efficiency, and explores electric control, fluctuations, irreversibility, and the role of entanglement in its performance.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum thermodynamic cycle with a multiferroic working medium, demonstrating electric control and analyzing fluctuations, irreversibility, and entanglement effects.

Findings

Cycle performance depends on spin ordering and electric polarization.

Irreversible work vanishes at adiabatic stroke ends, indicating reversibility.

Maximal output power is inherent to the system.

Abstract

A quantum thermodynamic cycle with a chiral multiferroic working substance such as $\textrm{LiCu}_{2}\textrm{O}_{2}$ is presented. Shortcuts to adiabaticity are employed to achieve an efficient, finite time quantum thermodynamic cycle which is found to depend on the spin ordering. The emergent electric polarization associated with the chiral spin order, i.e. the magnetoelectric coupling, renders possible steering of the spin order by an external electric field and hence renders possible an electric-field control of the cycle. Due to the intrinsic coupling between of the spin and the electric polarization, the cycle performs an electro-magnetic work. We determine this work's mean square fluctuations, the irreversible work, and the output power of the cycle. We observe that the work mean square fluctuations are increased with the duration of the adiabatic strokes while the irreversible work and the output power of the cycle show a non-monotonic behavior. In particular the irreversible work vanishes at the end of the quantum adiabatic strokes. This fact confirms that the cycle is reversible. Our theoretical findings evidence the existence of a system inherent maximal output power. By implementing a Lindblad master equation we quantify the role of thermal relaxations on the cycle efficiency. We also discuss the role of entanglement encoded in the non-collinear spin order as a resource to affect the quantum thermodynamic cycle.