Deformed symmetries in noncommutative and multifractional spacetimes

TL;DR

This paper explores the relationship between noncommutative spacetimes and multifractional geometries, showing their similarities and differences, especially in symmetry structures, and discusses implications for quantum gravity theories.

Contribution

It clarifies the (in)equivalence between $ abla$-Minkowski and multifractional theories, providing new insights into their symmetries and constraints without assuming specific measures.

Findings

$ abla$-Minkowski and multifractional theories are physically inequivalent.

No well-defined $igstar$-product exists for the $q$-theory.

Similar no-go theorems may apply to all multiscale theories with factorizable measures.

Abstract

We clarify the relation between noncommutative spacetimes and multifractional geometries, two quantum-gravity-related approaches where the fundamental description of spacetime is not given by a classical smooth geometry. Despite their different conceptual premises and mathematical formalisms, both research programs allow for the spacetime dimension to vary with the probed scale. This feature and other similarities led to ask whether there is a duality between these two independent proposals. In the absence of curvature and comparing the symmetries of both position and momentum space, we show that $\kappa$-Minkowski spacetime and the commutative multifractional theory with $q$-derivatives are physically inequivalent but they admit several contact points that allow one to describe certain aspects of $\kappa$-Minkowski noncommutative geometry as a multifractional theory and vice versa. Contrary to previous literature, this result holds without assuming any specific measure for $\kappa$-Minkowski. More generally, no well-defined $\star$-product can be constructed from the $q$-theory, although the latter does admit a natural noncommutative extension with a given deformed Poincar\'e algebra. A similar no-go theorem may be valid for all multiscale theories with factorizable measures. Turning gravity on, we write the algebras of gravitational first-class constraints in the multifractional theories with $q$- and weighted derivatives and discuss their differences with respect to the deformed algebras of $\kappa$-Minkowski spacetime and of loop quantum gravity.