K-shell spectroscopy in hot plasmas: Stark effect, Breit interaction and QED corrections

TL;DR

This paper advances K-shell spectroscopy in hot plasmas by enhancing the SCO-RCG code to include Stark broadening, relativistic effects, Breit interaction, and QED corrections, enabling more accurate plasma diagnostics.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed formalism and computational approach for incorporating plasma environment effects, relativistic fine-structure, Breit interaction, and QED corrections into K-shell spectral modeling.

Findings

Enhanced SCO-RCG code with Stark, Breit, and QED effects.

Comparison of methods for including QED effects in atomic calculations.

Improved accuracy in plasma spectral diagnostics.

Abstract

The broadening of lines by Stark effect is widely used for inferring electron density and temperature in plasmas. Stark-effect calculations often rely on atomic data (transition rates, energy levels,...) not always exhaustive and/or valid only for isolated atoms. In this work, we first present a recent development in the detailed opacity code SCO-RCG for K-shell spectroscopy. The approach is adapted from the work of Gilles and Peyrusse. Neglecting non-diagonal terms in dipolar and collision operators, the line profile is expressed as a sum of Voigt functions associated to the Stark components. The formalism relies on the use of parabolic coordinates and the relativistic fine-structure of Lyman lines is included by diagonalizing the hamiltonian matrix associated to quantum states having the same principal quantum number n. The SCO-RCG code enables one to investigate plasma environment effects, the impact of the microfield distribution, the decoupling between electron and ion temperatures and the role of satellite lines (such as Li-like 1s nl n'l' - 1s2 nl, Be-like, etc.). Atomic-structure calculations have reached levels of accuracy which require evaluation of Breit interaction and many-electron quantum electro-dynamics (QED) contributions. Although much work was done for QED effects (self-energy and vacuum polarization) in hydrogenic atoms, the case of an arbitrary number of electrons is more complicated. Since exact analytic solutions do not exist, a number of heuristic methods have been used to approximate the screening of additional \'electrons in the self-energy part. We compare different ways of including such effects in atomic-structure codes (Slater-Condon, Multi-Configuration Dirac-Fock, etc.).