On rank of the join of two subgroups in a free group

TL;DR

This paper proves the existence of a specific epimorphism from the join of two finitely generated subgroups in a free group to a rank 2 free group, with injective restrictions on the subgroups and a surjective intersection restriction.

Contribution

It establishes a new result on the rank and structure of the join of two subgroups in a free group, including the existence of a special epimorphism with particular properties.

Findings

Existence of an epimorphism to F_2 with injective restrictions on H and K

Surjectivity of the restriction on the intersection H ∩ K

Results derived from an analogous rank theorem for generalized joins

Abstract

Let $H, K$ be two finitely generated subgroups of a free group, let $\langle H, K \rangle$ denote the subgroup generated by $H, K$, called the join of $H, K$, and let neither of $H$, $K$ have finite index in $\langle H, K \rangle$. We prove the existence of an epimorphism $\zeta : \langle H, K \rangle \to F_2$, where $F_2$ is a free group of rank 2, such that the restriction of $\zeta$ on both $H$ and $K$ is injective and the restriction $\zeta_0 : H \cap K \to \zeta (H) \cap \zeta (K) $ of $\zeta$ on $H \cap K $ to $\zeta (H) \cap \zeta (K)$ is surjective. This is obtained as a corollary of an analogous result on rank of the generalized join of two finitely generated subgroups in a free group.