Extension of Relativistic-Microwave Theory of Ball Lightning Including Long-term Losses And Stability

TL;DR

This paper extends the relativistic-microwave theory of ball lightning by demonstrating how it can achieve long-term energy storage and stability, explaining observed lifetimes of seconds.

Contribution

It introduces a model showing how ball lightning can develop high Q factor energy storage and radial stability, addressing previous limitations in the theory.

Findings

Achieves a high Q factor (~10^10) for energy storage.

Demonstrates radial stability of the plasma structure.

Explains the observed lifetime of ball lightning.

Abstract

After centuries, the long-standing problem of the nature of ball lightning may be closer to a solution. The relativistic-microwave theory of ball lightning recently proposed by Wu accounts for many of the leading characteristics of ball lightning, which most previous theories have failed to do. It involves the impact of a lightning-caused relativistic electron bunch to soil, producing an EM pulse that forms a plasma bubble. While the theory presents a plausible account of ball-lightning formation, storing electromagnetic energy long enough to account for the observed lifetime of such objects was not demonstrated. Here we show how such a structure can develop the high Q factor (~10^10) needed for the observed lifetimes of ~seconds for ball lightning, and show that the structure is radially stable, given certain assumptions.