Gaussian-Schell analysis of the transverse spatial properties of high-harmonic beams

TL;DR

This paper characterizes the spatial coherence of high-harmonic beams generated in gases using Gaussian-Schell analysis, revealing how coherence varies with harmonic order and suggesting ways to improve it for imaging applications.

Contribution

It introduces a Gaussian-Schell model approach to analyze the spatial coherence of high-harmonic beams, linking coherence properties to generation processes and harmonic order.

Findings

Coherence varies with harmonic order due to dipole phase and driving radiation coherence.

Gaussian-Schell model effectively describes the spatial properties of high-harmonic beams.

Insights suggest methods to enhance harmonic beam coherence for imaging.

Abstract

High harmonic generation (HHG) is an established means of producing coherent, short wavelength, ultrafast pulses from a compact set-up. Table-top high-harmonic sources are increasingly being used to image physical and biological systems using emerging techniques such as coherent diffraction imaging and ptychography. These novel imaging methods require coherent illumination, and it is therefore important to both characterize the spatial coherence of high-harmonic beams and understand the processes which limit this property. Here we investigate the near- and far-field spatial properties of high-harmonic radiation generated in a gas cell. The variation with harmonic order of the intensity profile, wavefront curvature, and complex coherence factor is measured in the far-field by the SCIMITAR technique. Using the Gaussian-Schell model, the properties of the harmonic beam in the plane of generation are deduced. Our results show that the order-dependence of the harmonic spatial coherence is consistent with partial coherence induced by both variation of the intensity-dependent dipole phase as well as finite spatial coherence of the driving radiation. These findings are used to suggest ways in which the coherence of harmonic beams could be increased further, which would have direct benefits to imaging with high-harmonic radiation.