Charged Proca Stars

TL;DR

This paper investigates charged Proca stars, exploring both non-gravitating and gravitational solutions of a massive vector field, revealing new stable configurations and their properties in a relativistic context.

Contribution

It introduces the construction and analysis of charged Proca stars and Q-stars, combining self-interaction potentials with gravitational effects for the first time.

Findings

Existence of stable charged Proca stars and Q-stars

Demonstration of gravitational binding of Proca condensates

Characterization of solution properties and stability regimes

Abstract

In this paper, we study gauged solutions associated to a massive vector field representing a spin-one condensate, namely the Proca field. We focus on regular spherically-symmetric solutions which we construct either using a self-interaction potential or general relativity in order to glue the solutions together. We start generating non-gravitating solutions, so-called, Proca Q-balls and charged Proca Q-balls. Then, we turn-on backreaction on the metric, allowing gravity to hold together the Proca condensate, to study the so-called Proca stars, charged Proca stars, Proca Q-stars and charged Proca Q-stars.