The histeresis of the indices of solar activity and of the ionospheric indices in 11-yr cycles. The histeresis of the stellar activity indices in the cyclic activity similar to the Sun

TL;DR

This paper investigates hysteresis effects in solar and stellar activity indices across 11-year cycles, revealing complex relationships during cycle phases and comparing solar and stellar activity patterns.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of hysteresis in solar and stellar activity indices, highlighting differences in behavior during cycle phases.

Findings

Hysteresis observed in multiple solar activity indices.

Stellar activity indices show similar hysteresis patterns.

Differences noted between solar and stellar cycle behaviors.

Abstract

The analysis of the effect of the hysteresis, which manifests itself in an ambiguous relationship of radiation from the photosphere, chromosphere and corona on the rise and decline phases of the solar and stellar activity cycles have done. Some indices of solar activity: the flux of the hydrogen Lyman-alpha emission, the 10.7 cm flux, the sunspot number SSN, the flux in the coronal green line 530.3 nm, the solar constant TSI and the 280 nm Mg II flux were studied. The stars with the well-determined cycles were examined to detect the effect of hysteresis between the chromosphere's S-index CaII fluxes versus the photosphere's fluxes Fphotosphere.