Efficient measurement-device-independent detection of multipartite entanglement structure

TL;DR

This paper introduces an efficient measurement-device-independent method to detect complex multipartite entanglement structures, including entanglement depth and subsystems, using all measurement outcomes for improved reliability.

Contribution

It generalizes existing entanglement witnessing schemes to multipartite states and incorporates all measurement outcomes to enhance detection efficiency and robustness.

Findings

The scheme can detect various multipartite entanglement structures.

Utilizing all measurement outcomes improves detection efficiency.

The method is feasible with current quantum technologies.

Abstract

Witnessing entanglement is crucial in quantum information processing. With properly preparing ancillary states, it has been shown previously that genuine entanglement can be witnessed without trusting measurement devices. In this work, we generalize the scenario and show that generic multipartite entanglement structures, including entanglement of subsystems and entanglement depth, can be witnessed via measurement-device-independent means. As the original measurement-device-independent entanglement witness scheme exploits only one out of four Bell measurement outcomes for each party, a direct generalization to multipartite quantum states will inevitably cause inefficiency in entanglement detection after taking account of statistical fluctuations. To resolve this problem, we also present a way to utilize all the measurement outcomes. The scheme is efficient for multipartite entanglement detection and can be realized with state-of-the-art technologies.