Total quantum coherence and its applications

TL;DR

This paper introduces comprehensive measures of total quantum coherence that are basis-independent, analytically computable, and experimentally accessible, revealing their role in quantum probing schemes like DQC1 and QOM.

Contribution

It proposes new basis-independent quantum coherence measures, analyzes their properties, and suggests experimental detection methods, advancing understanding of quantum coherence's full potential.

Findings

Total coherence measures are basis-independent and analytically calculable.

The measures based on relative entropy and $l_2$ norm have identical forms.

Total coherence change correlates with quantum probing processes like DQC1 and QOM.

Abstract

Quantum coherence is the most fundamental feature of quantum mechanics. The usual understanding of it depends on the choice of the basis, that is, the coherence of the same quantum state is different within different reference framework. To reveal all the potential coherence, we present the total quantum coherence measures in terms of two different methods. One is optimizing maximal basis-dependent coherence with all potential bases considered and the other is quantifying the distance between the state and the incoherent state set. Interestingly, the coherence measures based on relative entropy and $l_2$ norm have the same form in the two different methods. In particular, we show that the measures based on the non-contractive $l_2$ norm is also a good measure different from the basis-dependent coherence. In addition, we show that all the measures are analytically calculable and have all the good properties. The experimental schemes for the detection of these coherence measures are also proposed by multiple copies of quantum states instead of reconstructing the full density matrix. By studying one type of quantum probing schemes, we find that both the normalized trace in the scheme of deterministic quantum computation with one qubit (DQC1) and the overlap of two states in quantum overlap measurement schemes (QOM) can be well described by the change of total coherence of the probing qubit. Hence the nontrivial probing always leads to the change of the total coherence.