Delta(54) flavor phenomenology and strings

TL;DR

This paper explores the Delta(54) flavor symmetry emerging from heterotic string orbifolds, demonstrating its potential to explain quark and lepton mass relations and neutrino mixing patterns consistent with experimental data.

Contribution

It identifies Delta(54) as a natural flavor symmetry in string models and shows its phenomenological viability in explaining fermion masses and mixings.

Findings

Delta(54) is the most natural flavor symmetry in certain heterotic orbifolds.

The model reproduces the Gatto-Sartori-Tonin relation for quarks and charged leptons.

It predicts a normal neutrino mass hierarchy and a specific correlation between mixing angles.

Abstract

Delta(54) can serve as a flavor symmetry in particle physics, but remains almost unexplored. We show that in a classification of semi-realistic Z3xZ3 heterotic string orbifolds, Delta(54) turns out to be the most natural flavor symmetry, providing additional motivation for its study. We revisit its phenomenological potential from a low-energy perspective and subject to the constraints of string models. We find a model with Delta(54) arising from heterotic orbifolds that leads to the Gatto-Sartori-Tonin relation for quarks and charged-leptons. Additionally, in the neutrino sector, it leads to a normal hierarchy for neutrino masses and a correlation between the reactor and the atmospheric mixing angles, the latter taking values in the second octant and being compatible at three sigmas with experimental data.